在高中《思想政治-生活与哲学》有这样一句话：方法论，就是人们认识世界、改造世界的一般方法，是人们用什么样的方式、方法来观察事物和处理问题。

　　也许大家都觉得这句话非常的假大空，然而“方法论”在我们的学习、工作和生活中有着难以估量的作用。有了方法论，我们才能高效地解决问题。教学也是一样，“授人以鱼，不如授人以渔”。而对于词汇教学，我个人坚持“词汇教学三步走”的方法论，即：

　　1. 速记单词，

　　2. 试题重现，

　　3. 考试运用。

　　我将以一个雅思考试高频词“eliminate vt.清除，排除，淘汰”为例，进行阐述：

　　1. 速记单词：

　　词汇课，主要目的是让学生在短时间内，掌握考场上出现的大量单词，那么这就要求老师讲解的方法必须达到“速记秒杀”的效果，又由于单词量大，也需要方法是“巧妙的，有趣的”。上次我在专栏中提到了三种方法：谐音法，拆分法，联想法，今天我们来看一种新的方法。

　　我把“eliminate”这个词键入到“online etymology dictionary”(在线词源词典)中：

　　大家会发现给出了这样的解释：eliminate可拆分为e+limin+ate，e是出，limin源自limit, ate表示动词词性，所以这个单词串起来就是“界限以外，出界了”，那么eliminate表示“清除，排除;淘汰”就很好理解了。

　　请大家看我的课堂演示：

　　1. 试题重现：

　　主要是从考试输入环节操作，即1.阅读试题重现，2.听力试题重现。

　　通常的词汇教学，教学生记完单词就不管了?这肯定是不够的。我们一定要跟考试结合，而且这恰恰是最重要的环节，因为学生最终是为了做对题，考高分。

　　在这里，拿阅读试题举例。经过整理发现，eliminate在雅思剑4—剑8阅读里出现了多次，比如：

　　剑5T3 P3 Early Childhood Education

　　Children in the programme performed equally well regardless of socio-economic disadvantages. Child abuse was virtually eliminated.

　　剑6T4 P2 Do literate women make better mothers?

　　Now a long-term study carried out in Nicaragua has eliminated these factors by showing that teaching reading to poor adult women, who would otherwise have remained illiterate, has a direct effect on their children's health and survival.

　　剑7T4 P3 Effects of Noise

　　Predictability is not the only variable that reduces or eliminates the negative effects of noise. Another is control. If the individual knows that he or she can control the noise, this seems to eliminate both its negative effects at the time and its after-effects.

　　2. 考场运用：

　　主要是从考试输出环节操作，即1.口语高分表达;2.写作范文例句。

　　通过输入端的阅读，听力试题操作后，是不是词汇课就圆满了呢?其实不够，因为学生到底掌握了这个词没有，还不知道，还需要在写作、口语中给出高分例句，让学生识记、模仿。

　　口语表达：

　　Part 1 - 运动类

　　Q: Do you often do sports? And why?

　　A: Yes. I work out regularly at a gym, which helps me eliminate some nervous chemicals and makes me feel at ease.

　　Part 2 - 人物类

　　Q: Describe a famous person.

　　A: I`d like to talk about Steve Jobs, who was an American entrepreneur, and the cofounder and CEO of Apple Inc. With the ambition to eliminate the barrier between people by means of technology, he persistently dedicated himself to the design of an electronic device, even when he was ousted by the board. The world finally saw his unparalleled success, when he came back with iPhone and MacBook that later became well-known global brands.

　　写作运用：

　　Q: Societies benefit from international tourism and business. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

　　我的观点：发展旅游业有好处，它消除原有偏见。

　　It can eliminate the tourists` preconceptions about the local community.

　　It can eliminate the stereotypes that tourists have about the local culture.

　　雅思写作考题 - 2009.02.07 Task Two

　　Rich countries often give financial aid to poor countries, but it does not solve the poverty, so rich countries should give other types of help to the poor countries rather than the financial aid. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

　　雅思范文：

　　Today, the world is becoming more and more closely linked. International trade has increased and the movement of people between countries is greater than ever before. However, billions of people still live in poverty, and in many places, the gap between rich and poor is widening. This essay will look at the arguments for and against helping poor countries.

　　There are many reasons for helping poor countries. First of all, there are humanitarian reasons. Like individuals who give to charity, many countries feel it is their religious, social, or moral duty to help people in other countries who are suffering from famine, drought, war, or disease. However, many rich countries also donate money for political or diplomatic reasons. They want to maintain a relationship of dependency with the recipient, or simply to influence the government and direction of the country. A further reason why many countries help poorer ones is for economic reasons. The donors may want to control the supply of commodities such as oil, water, or wheat. Alternatively, the richer country may want to ensure markets for their own products, whether these are planes, computers or shoes.

　　However, aid is not necessarily the best way to help a country. For one thing, billions of dollars of aid often goes missing, into corrupt governments or inefficient administration. A second point is that many foreign aid projects are unsuitable for the target country. Many agencies build huge dams or industrial projects that fail after a few years or that do not involve the local people. Furthermore, much aid returns to the donor. This can be in the form of expensive specialized equipment and experts from the donor country.

　　There are many other ways we can help poor countries. Opening up trade barriers, so that poor countries can sell their goods is one way. Another is to remove subsidies so that imported goods from poorer countries can compete fairly. A third method is to forgive debts. Many poor countries have huge interest repayments on old loans.

　　The needs of the poorer countries may seem obvious. However, although our humanity makes us want to help eliminate poverty and suffering, we must examine the real needs of poor countries and implement solutions that will benefit both them and us.

　　当然，在实际的教学中，不可能每个词都涉及考试的听说读写应用，但是像eliminate这样的高频词，必须通过多次试题回顾，才能使得学生不仅认识、还可以熟练运用这个词。这也侧面要求词汇老师，必须对所讲的单词，在考试中出现的场景了如指掌。

责任编辑：张艳

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