<科技类>

　　27. In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions.

　　Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.

　　科技：门槛高，需要大量的理论积累，实验观察→老手

　　政治：需要大量的人际资源，需要培养城府→老手

　　商业：Jobs

　　(前期：创意，大胆的理念带动了计算机领域的革新，当时的问题，不会管理，公司内部矛盾，自己被排挤出自己创造的公司;后期：多次失败，回归体现的是，多了管理企业的能力，更加的注重团队之间的合作)

　　艺术：

　　新手：新鲜空气;老手：艺术中包含更多人生阅历的积淀

　　Vincent Van Gogh并没有受过充足的写实主义的训练，却使得他发展出了印象派，不再拘泥于对于客观现实的符合，而利用多变的光

　　影去追求纯粹的美。Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo等人从小接受正统的写实主义训练，extended and exploited the limits of realism，达到了登峰造极的地步

　　The speaker asserts that beginners are more likely to make significant contributions than experts. As we examine different fields of inquiry, we shall see that while in arts and modern business, it is indeed the beginners that often achieve great things, still in politics and science fundamental progress still more often relies on the expert opinions of established figures. Therefore, I believe the speaker’s view is inaccurate.

　　To begin with, because the art world emphasizes more on creative spirit than on particular techniques, with more courage to transcend the past, beginners indeed often come up with brilliant masterpieces. For example, …

　　Similar phenomenon can also be observed in modern business world, because …

　　However, political world requires X, Y, Z and W, Which all can be gained only through years of practice. …

　　Furthermore, in modern science, it is also quite difficult for beginners to fundamentally change the existing theories because of their limited resources and experiences. …

　　Overall, I believe that while …, nonetheless …

编辑：张雨

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