副词的构成

从形态上看，大多数副词都是由"形容词+后缀-ly"构成的，例如：slowly, heavily, truly, terribly等。

 形容词变副词：

①.在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如:real-really; helpful-helpfully; careful-carefully; slow-slowly; quick-quickly; quiet-quietly

②.以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily; angry-angrily; easy-easily

③.某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly。如:terrible-terribly; true-truly; gentle-gently

注意: friendly; motherly; lovely，weekly，lively等词是形容词而非副词。

④.英语中还有少数与形容词同形的副词，例如：daily, early, fast, hard, high, long, near, straight, well等。请比较它们的词义和用法：

the high jump 跳高项目(形容词) to jump high 跳得高(副词)

a fast car 行得快的汽车(形容词)to drive fast 开快车(副词)

an early riser 早起的人(形容词)to get up early 起得早(副词)

a straight line直线(形容词)Go straight ahead. 一直朝前走。(副词)

注意：兼有两种形式的副词

①.late 与lately：

late意思是"晚"; lately 意思是"最近"。例如：You have come too late. What have you been doing lately?

②.deep与deeply：

deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"。例如：He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film.

③.high与highly：

high表示空间高度;highly表示程度，相当于much 。例如：The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.

④.wide与widely：

wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方" 。例如：He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world.

责任编辑：张艳

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